四,非金属氧化物 Ou_2UT
低价态的还原性: Ou_2UT
2SO2+O2===2SO3 Ou_2UT
2SO2+O2+2H2O===2H2SO4 Ou_2UT
(这是SO2在大气中缓慢发生的环境化学反应) Ou_2UT
SO2+Cl2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl Ou_2UT
SO2+Br2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HBr Ou_2UT
SO2+I2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HI Ou_2UT
SO2+NO2===SO3+NO Ou_2UT
2NO+O2===2NO2 Ou_2UT
NO+NO2+2NaOH===2NaNO2 Ou_2UT
(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2) Ou_2UT
2CO+O2===2CO2 Ou_2UT
CO+CuO===Cu+CO2 Ou_2UT
3CO+Fe2O3===2Fe+3CO2 Ou_2UT
CO+H2O===CO2+H2 Ou_2UT
氧化性: Ou_2UT
SO2+2H2S===3S+2H2O Ou_2UT
SO3+2KI===K2SO3+I2 Ou_2UT
NO2+2KI+H2O===NO+I2+2KOH Ou_2UT
(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2) Ou_2UT
4NO2+H2S===4NO+SO3+H2O Ou_2UT
2NO2+Cu===4CuO+N2 Ou_2UT
CO2+2Mg===2MgO+C Ou_2UT
(CO2不能用于扑灭由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃烧的火灾) Ou_2UT
SiO2+2H2===Si+2H2O Ou_2UT
SiO2+2Mg===2MgO+Si Ou_2UT
3,与水的作用: Ou_2UT
SO2+H2O===H2SO3 Ou_2UT
SO3+H2O===H2SO4 Ou_2UT
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO Ou_2UT
N2O5+H2O===2HNO3 Ou_2UT
P2O5+H2O===2HPO3 Ou_2UT
P2O5+3H2O===2H3PO4 Ou_2UT
(P2O5极易吸水,可作气体干燥剂 Ou_2UT
P2O5+3H2SO4(浓)===2H3PO4+3SO3) Ou_2UT
CO2+H2O===H2CO3 Ou_2UT
4,与碱性物质的作用: Ou_2UT
SO2+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO3 Ou_2UT
SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===2NH4HSO3 Ou_2UT
(这是硫酸厂回收SO2的反应.先用氨水吸收SO2, Ou_2UT
再用H2SO4处理: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4+2H2O+2SO2 Ou_2UT
生成的硫酸铵作化肥,SO2循环作原料气) Ou_2UT
SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O Ou_2UT
(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别) Ou_2UT
SO3+MgO===MgSO4 Ou_2UT
SO3+Ca(OH)2===CaSO4+H2O Ou_2UT
CO2+2NaOH(过量)===Na2CO3+H2O Ou_2UT
CO2(过量)+NaOH===NaHCO3 Ou_2UT
CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)===CaCO3+H2O Ou_2UT
2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2 Ou_2UT
CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O===2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3 Ou_2UT
CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O===C6H5OH+NaHCO3 Ou_2UT
SiO2+CaO===CaSiO3 Ou_2UT
SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O Ou_2UT
(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃) Ou_2UT
SiO2+Na2CO3===Na2SiO3+CO2 Ou_2UT
SiO2+CaCO3===CaSiO3+CO2 Ou_2UT
Ou_2UT
Ou_2UT
Ou_2UT
六,含氧酸 Ou_2UT
1,氧化性: Ou_2UT
4HClO3+3H2S===3H2SO4+4HCl Ou_2UT
HClO3+HI===HIO3+HCl Ou_2UT
3HClO+HI===HIO3+3HCl Ou_2UT
HClO+H2SO3===H2SO4+HCl Ou_2UT
HClO+H2O2===HCl+H2O+O2 Ou_2UT
(氧化性:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4, Ou_2UT
但浓,热的HClO4氧化性很强) Ou_2UT
2H2SO4(浓)+C===CO2+2SO2+2H2O Ou_2UT
2H2SO4(浓)+S===3SO2+2H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO4+Fe(Al) 室温下钝化 Ou_2UT
6H2SO4(浓)+2Fe===Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O Ou_2UT
2H2SO4(浓)+Cu===CuSO4+SO2+2H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓)+2HBr===SO2+Br2+2H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓)+2HI===SO2+I2+2H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO4(稀)+Fe===FeSO4+H2 Ou_2UT
2H2SO3+2H2S===3S+2H2O Ou_2UT
4HNO3(浓)+C===CO2+4NO2+2H2O Ou_2UT
6HNO3(浓)+S===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O Ou_2UT
5HNO3(浓)+P===H3PO4+5NO2+H2O Ou_2UT
6HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O Ou_2UT
4HNO3+Fe===Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O Ou_2UT
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O Ou_2UT
36HNO3+10Fe===10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O Ou_2UT
30HNO3+8Fe===8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O Ou_2UT
2,还原性: Ou_2UT
H2SO3+X2+H2O===H2SO4+2HX Ou_2UT
(X表示Cl2,Br2,I2) Ou_2UT
2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO4 Ou_2UT
H2SO3+H2O2===H2SO4+H2O Ou_2UT
5H2SO3+2KMnO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O===H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl Ou_2UT
3,酸性: Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓) +CaF2===CaSO4+2HF Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓)+NaCl===NaHSO4+HCl Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓) +2NaCl===Na2SO4+2HCl Ou_2UT
H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3===NaHSO4+HNO3 Ou_2UT
3H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2===3CaSO4+2H3PO4 Ou_2UT
2H2SO4(浓)+Ca3(PO4)2===2CaSO4+Ca(H2PO4)2 Ou_2UT
3HNO3+Ag3PO4===H3PO4+3AgNO3 Ou_2UT
2HNO3+CaCO3===Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2 Ou_2UT
(用HNO3和浓H2SO4不能制备H2S,HI,HBr,(SO2) Ou_2UT
等还原性气体) Ou_2UT
4H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2===3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙) Ou_2UT
H3PO4(浓)+NaBr===NaH2PO4+HBr Ou_2UT
H3PO4(浓)+NaI===NaH2PO4+HI Ou_2UT
4,不稳定性: Ou_2UT
2HClO===2HCl+O2 Ou_2UT
4HNO3===4NO2+O2+2H2O Ou_2UT
H2SO3===H2O+SO2 Ou_2UT
H2CO3===H2O+CO2 Ou_2UT
H4SiO4===H2SiO3+H2O Ou_2UT
7D;cw\ |
7D;cw\ |
7D;cw\ |
七,碱 7D;cw\ |
低价态的还原性: 7D;cw\ |
4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O===4Fe(OH)3 7D;cw\ |
与酸性物质的作用: 7D;cw\ |
2NaOH+SO2(少量)===Na2SO3+H2O 7D;cw\ |
NaOH+SO2(足量)===NaHSO3 7D;cw\ |
2NaOH+SiO2===NaSiO3+H2O 7D;cw\ |
2NaOH+Al2O3===2NaAlO2+H2O 7D;cw\ |
2NaOH+Cl2===NaCl+NaClO+H2O 7D;cw\ |
NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O 7D;cw\ |
NaOH+H2S(足量)===NaHS+H2O 7D;cw\ |
2NaOH+H2S(少量)===Na2S+2H2O 7D;cw\ |
3NaOH+AlCl3===Al(OH)3+3NaCl 7D;cw\ |
NaOH+Al(OH)3===NaAlO2+2H2O 7D;cw\ |
(AlCl3和Al(OH)3哪个酸性强?) 7D;cw\ |
NaOH+NH4Cl===NaCl+NH3+H2O 7D;cw\ |
Mg(OH)2+2NH4Cl===MgCl2+2NH3.H2O 7D;cw\ |
Al(OH)3+NH4Cl 不溶解 7D;cw\ |
3,不稳定性: 7D;cw\ |
Mg(OH)2===MgO+H2O 7D;cw\ |
2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O 7D;cw\ |
2Fe(OH)3===Fe2O3+3H2O 7D;cw\ |
Cu(OH)2===CuO+H2O 7D;cw\ |
八,盐 7D;cw\ |